Guru Gobind Singh (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708),[4][5] born Gobind Rai, was the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior,poet and philosopher. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was beheaded for refusing to convert to Islam,[6][7] Guru Gobind Singh was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs at age nine, becoming the last of the living Sikh Gurus.[8] His four sons died during his lifetime in Mughal-Sikh wars – two in battle, two executed by the Mughal army.[9][10][11]
Among his notable contributions to Sikhismare founding the Sikh warrior community called Khalsa in 1699[1][12][13] and introducingthe Five Ks, the five articles of faith that Khalsa Sikhs wear at all times. Guru Gobind Singh also continued the formalisation of the religion, wrote important Sikh texts,[14][15] and enshrined the scripture the Guru Granth Sahibas Sikhism's eternal Guru.[16]
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